Tattoos and Perceptions Professor Ramos Blog

Tattoos and Perceptions History Tattoos are forms of body modifications where a design is made by inserting inks, dyes, and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment and it is an ancient art. They have been around for a very long time and can date back to 3370 B.C. and 3100 B.C. There are various types of tattoo styles but the major ones include: Traditional, Realism, Watercolor, Tribal, New School, Neo Traditional, Japanese, Blackwork, Illustrative and Chicano Style (Rebecca).The popularity and the percentages have increased over the years with 29% of people in the U.S. have at least one which is getting more common nowadays and most likely will in the future. Perceptions The perceptions are a mix of both good and bad usually if someone has tattoos they are looked down upon and maybe they’re apart of the wrong crowd or are just living in the moment and will probably regret it while others like tattoos which becomes self expressive of oneself, new beginnings and individuality. Health researchers have also claimed that the perceptions toward a person with a tattoo is more negative than the perceptions toward non tattooed persons. Specially the type of design you or someone else is getting will make more of a negative or more positive outlook depending on who views it and how they feel about tattoos. (Resenhoeft, Annette). Types of tattoos Traditional tattoos are known for bold lines, bright colors, and iconic designs like roses, anchors and lady heads. Realism tattoos are black and grey portraits of faces, nature and anything else imaginable. Watercolor tattoos are described as whimsical and aesthetic. Tribal tattoos are indigenous body art this style is usually in all black with elaborate patterns. New School tattoos are highly animated, cartoonish and wacky. Neo-Traditional is an evolution of the traditional style, line work, color, has an illustrative quality to it, and decorative details. Japanese style tattoos are dramatic smoke and wave filled appearances. Black work tattoos are solely black ink, ornamental designs to extremely detailed illustrative pieces. Illustrative tattoos are fine line calligraphy and extremely versatile. Chicano Style has a lot of culture influence to them and is usually fine line, black and grey.   (Rebecca). (Traditional) (Neo-Traditional) (Japanese) What to consider There is a lot of consideration and thought put into before getting a tattoo like finding an artist that you trust and does similar work to the design or designs that you are interested in getting, the cost is going to be very expensive, can take hours or sessions, it will most likely hurt and the aftercare you will have to follow up on. There are several stereotypes like tattoos aren’t professional, the person is rebellious, irresponsible, they don’t have an education, they’re mean to others and wont be able to get a job which shows how they are viewed on a regular basis. Studies A researcher by the name of Naomi Joy Tabassum used a semi-structure protocol to interview seven individuals that included five men and two women of the same age range around 25-38 years old. The data she collected had three major themes: â€Å"identity project,† â€Å"cultural context† and â€Å"tattoo timeline†. The findings suggest stigmas related to tattoos remain embedded in the cultural context, more significantly within career and counseling. Some people would describe themselves outside of all of the negative remarks and stereotypes thrown out at them and they have a sense of community within the tattoo subculture. ( Tabassum, Naomi Joy). An article explaining â€Å"What Is Hidden In Tattoos† had three different groups of a person with no tattoos,those tattooed with nonnegative messages and persons tattooed with negative messages are all significant in age of death and biochemical, toxic, and immunologic aspects of the different compounds in tattoos should be further studied because there could be unsafe things inside. Current practices of tattooing have for health and disease is much to little known but the development of this knowledge field will benefit from the work by clinics and researchers from different areas. The article displays the potential risks so some people considering tattoos might reconsider based on the facts that were shown. (Jonsson, Bo H et al). In â€Å"You Need to Cover Your Tattoo!† D.J. Williams, Jeremy Thomas and Candace Christensen want to acknowledge the values on body modification practices to call attention to the need to rethink common standards of professional appearance specifically with the respect to workers who may have visible tattoos because it is important that attitudes and policies among social workers keep up with such changes. This such change and rethinking is very positive and will give others new perspectives because in the end they are just tattoos. (Williams, D.J. et al). Reading about a photographer by the name of Chris Rainier who travels the globe in search of tattoos and other examples of the urge to embellish our skin showed me that tattoos indicated many different stories like a woman with swirl face tattoos that symbolize her family’s lineage or the dark scrawls on a Cambodian monks chest to reflect his religious beliefs and that blank skin is merely a canvas for a story. (Tucker, Abigail). Bo H.Jonsson et al. â€Å"What is Hidden in Tattoos?†.American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 908-910, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/143.6.908a. Rebecca, â€Å"A Beginners Guide: Popular Tattoo Style Briefly Explained.† Tattoodo, 2016, https://www.tattoodo.com/a/2016/02/a-beginner-s-guide-10-tattoo-styles-explained/. Resenhoft, Anette et al. â€Å"Tattoos Can Harm Perceptions: A study and Suggestions.† Journal of American College Health, vol. 56, no. 5, Mar. 2008, pp. 593-596. EBSCOhost, doi:10.3200/JACH.56.5.593-596. Tabassum, Naomi Joy. â€Å"Tattoo Subculture: Creating Personal Identity in the Context of Social Stigma†. NDSU Repository, https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26888. Tucker, Abigail. â€Å"Looking at the World’s Tattoos.† Smithsonian.com, 2010, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/looking-at-the-worlds-tattoos-60545660/. D.J WIlliams et al. â€Å"You Need to Cover Your Tattoos!†: Reconsidering Standards of Professional Appearance in Social Work, Social work, Vol 59, Issue 4, 1 Oct 2014, pp. 373-375, http://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swu025.

First Oil Well Inventor Edwin Drake

First Oil Well Inventor Edwin Drake The history of the oil business as we know it began in 1859 in Pennsylvania, thanks to Edwin L. Drake, a career railroad conductor who devised a way to drill a practical oil well. Before Drake sank his first well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, people around the world had gathered oil for centuries around seeps, places where oil naturally rose to the surface and emerged from the ground. The problem with collecting oil in that manner was that even the most productive areas didnt yield large amounts of oil. In the 1850s, new types of machinery being produced increasingly needed oil for lubrication. And the main sources for oil at the time, whaling and collecting oil from seeps, simply couldnt meet the demand. Someone had to find a way to reach into the ground and extract the oil. The success of Drakes well essentially created a new industry, and led to men such as John D. Rockefeller making vast fortunes in the oil business. Drake and the Oil Business Edwin Drake had been born in 1819 in New York State, and as a young man had worked at various jobs before finding employment in 1850 as a railroad conductor. After about seven years of working on the railroad he retired due to ill health. A chance encounter with two men who happened to be the founders of a new company, The Seneca Oil Company, led to a new career for Drake. The executives, George H. Bissell and Jonathan G. Eveleth, needed someone to travel back and forth inspecting their operations in rural Pennsylvania, where they collected oil from seeps. And Drake, who was looking for work, seemed like the ideal candidate. Thanks for his former job as a railroad conductor, Drake could ride the trains for free. Drakes Folly Once Drake began working in the oil business he became motivated to increase production at the oil seeps. At that time, the procedure was to soak up the oil with blankets. And that only worked for small-scale production. The obvious solution seemed to be to somehow dig into the ground to get to the oil. So at first Drake set about digging a mine. But that effort ended in failure as the mine shaft flooded. Drake reasoned that he could drill for oil, using a technique similar to that used by men who had drilled into the ground for salt. He experimented and discovered iron drive pipes could be forced through the shale and down to regions likely to be holding oil. The oil well Drake constructed was called Drakes Folly by some of the locals, who doubted it could ever be successful. But Drake persisted, with the help of a local blacksmith he had hired, William Uncle Billy Smith. With very slow progress, about three feet a day, the well kept going deeper. On August 27, 1859, it reached a depth of 69 feet. The next morning, when Uncle Billy arrived to resume work, he discovered that oil had risen through the well. Drakes idea had worked, and soon the Drake Well was producing a steady supply of oil. The First Oil Well Was an Instant Success Drakes well brought oil up out of the ground and it was funneled into whiskey barrels. Before long Drake had a steady supply of about 400 gallons of pure oil every 24 hours, a stunning amount when compared to the meager output that could be collected from oil seeps. Other wells were constructed. And, because Drake never patented his idea, anyone could use his methods. The original well shut down within two years as other wells in the area soon began producing oil at a faster rate. Within two years there was an oil boom in western Pennsylvania, with wells that produced thousands of barrels of oil a day. The price of oil dropped so low that Drake and his employers were essentially put out of business. But Drakes efforts showed that drilling for oil could be practical. Though Edwin Drake had pioneered oil drilling, he only drilled two more wells before leaving the oil business and living out most of the rest of his life in poverty. In recognition of Drakes efforts, the Pennsylvania legislature voted to award Drake a pension in 1870, and he lived in Pennsylvania until his death in 1880.